Facial Aging of Jowl and Neck
The cervical appearance with aging is a combination of：
- Changes in skin
- Fat distribution
- Platysma muscle
- Underlying bony/cartilaginous framework
The down-ward pull of the platysma creates jowls, with lost of definition of chin and jawline. The jowl, or broken jawline, is created by ptosis of the facial portion of the platysma muscle. The skin of the neck can become lax over the platysma developing horizontal rhytides.
The vertical fibrous bands on the neck are caused by contraction and prominence of the platysma muscle. Anterior edges of the platysma separate and lose tone, thus creating the anterior banding or “Turkey neck”, deformity. A large submental fat pad is situated deep to the platysma bands, whereas a smaller pad is situated more superficially.
The major forces responsible for facial aging include：
- Gravity
- Soft Tissue Maturation
- Skeletal Remodeling
- Muscular Facial Activity
- Solar Changes
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