Facial Aging
Facial aesthetics begin with the marriage of hard and soft tissue integration. However, the changing balance of these elements is the hallmark of the aging process. The major forces responsible for the facial aging include Gravity, Soft tissue maturation, Skeletal remodeling, Muscular activity and Solar changes. It is the balance of skeletal structure, soft tissue, and skin that is responsible for appearance. These observations reveal a major characteristic of facial aging, in that the primary changes in a person’s three-dimensional skeletal contour can lead to secondary changes in the overlying soft tissue and skin.
Photoaging
When the effects of aging on the face are addressed, what is really being discussed is that wrinkles originate from:
- Chronologic skin aging
- Environmental factors
- Photoaging
- Hyperdynamic facial expressions
- Skin folding - Secondary to loss of underlying skeletal and soft tissue support
Skeletal structure
Reduction in facial height
- Most marked reduction in the Maxilla and Mandible
- The orbits increase in size
- The maxilla decrease in size - this process creates less available space for the overlying tissue resulting in the inferior displacement of the cheek fat pad and skin, with deepenning of the melolabial fold.
Skin
Many of the changes on the face secondary the aging are the result of gravity’s acting on skin that is becoming progressively thinner, drier and less elastic.
Genetic factors
- Influence location and shape of facial wrinkles
One must differentiate the changes occurring as a result of：
- Intrinsic aging
- Photoanging - chronic solar exposure
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