察爾斯大夫 美麗殿堂 Dr. Charles Meridien Palace

釋迦牟尼出家後，加入數論派（Sa^m！kya）阿羅邏伽藍（Ālāra-Kālāma、Alara Kalama）僧伽（सन्घ，Saṅgha；संघ，Saṃgha、Sangha），學習到五戒（पञ्चशीलानि，Pañca-śīlāni）。

釋迦牟尼出家後，加入數論派阿羅邏伽藍（巴利文與梵文：Ālāra-Kālāma、Alara Kalama）僧伽（巴利文：सन्घ，Saṅgha；梵文：संघ，Saṃgha、Sangha），在此學習到五戒。釋迦牟尼證悟後，以此教導弟子。

五戒（梵文：पञ्चशीलानि，Pañca-śīlāni）源自於古代印度教，釋迦牟尼以此教導弟子，為佛教修行者的最根本戒律。

五戒（梵文：पञ्चशीलानि，Pañca-śīlāni，The Five Precepts or Virtues）指「不殺生、不偷盜、不邪淫、不妄語、不飲酒」。

離殺生（不殺生）：

有五個條件構成違犯離殺生戒：對像是有生命者；知道是有生命者；存有殺意；致力去殺；對象被殺死。

離不與取（不偷盜）：

有五個條件構成違犯離不與取戒：有主之物；明知是有主之物；存有盜心；以各種方法取；該物被取離原處。

離欲邪行（不邪淫）：

構成違犯不邪淫戒的四種條件：行淫的對象，包括男人與二十種女人行不淨法（包括母親守護女、父親守護女、父母親守護女、兄弟守護女、姐妹守護女、親戚守護女、家系守護女、法守護女、有丈夫守護女、買得婦、樂住婦、雇住婦、衣物住婦、水得婦、鐶得婦、婢取婦、執作婦、俘虜婦、暫住婦、罰護女）和女人與十二種男人的男人行不淨法（包括母親守護男、父親守護男、父母親守護男、兄弟守護男、姐妹守護男、親戚守護男、家系守護男、法守護男、有妻子守護男、兩種已婚的男人、罰護男）；清醒地覺知要和上面的任何一種女（男）人行不淨法；以種種方法行不淨法；如果男人與女人的口、生殖道或肛門的任何一道行事。「邪淫」是超過社會善良習俗之外的性關係，不邪淫就是不允許強姦、嫖妓、性氾濫、重婚、外遇等情事。

妄語：包括說謊（顛倒是非）、誇大、兩舌（搬弄是非）、惡口（罵人、毀謗、中傷）、綺語（有私心地說好話，說無用的廢話）。

Pañca-sikkhā-pada，Five precepts or Pañca-sīla，Five virtues

1、Pāṇātipātā veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi；I undertake the training rule to abstain from killing.

2、Adinnādānā veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi；I undertake the training rule to abstain from taking what is not given.    

3、Kāmesumicchācāra veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi；I undertake the training to avoid sensual misconduct.

4、Musāvādā veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi；I undertake the training rule to abstain from false speech.

5、Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi；I undertake the training rule to abstain from fermented drink that causes heedlessness.

Treatise on Taking Refuge and the Precepts；歸戒要集

1. As all Buddhas refrained from killing until the end of their lives, so I too will refrain from killing until the end of my life；如諸佛盡壽不殺生，我某甲亦盡壽不殺生。

2. As all Buddhas refrained from stealing until the end of their lives, so I too will refrain from stealing until the end of my life；如諸佛盡壽不偷盜，我某甲亦盡壽不偷盜。

3. As all Buddhas refrained from sexual misconduct until the end of their lives, so I too will refrain from sexual misconduct until the end of my life；如諸佛盡壽不淫欲，我某甲亦盡壽不邪淫。

4. As all Buddhas refrained from false speech until the end of their lives, so I too will refrain from false speech until the end of my life；如諸佛盡壽不妄語，我某甲亦盡壽不妄語。

5. As all Buddhas refrained from alcohol until the end of their lives, so I too will refrain from alcohol until the end of my life；如諸佛盡壽不飲酒，我某甲亦盡壽不飲酒。

In concise terms, the Dharma Master Yin-Shun（印順）, listed the Five Precepts simply as：

Do not kill；Unintentional killing is considered less offensive.

Do not steal；Including misappropriating someone's property.

Do not engage in improper sexual conduct；Sexual contact not sanctioned by secular laws, the Buddhist monastic code, or by one's parents and guardians.

Do not make false statements；Pretending to know something one doesn't.

Do not drink alcohol.

（translation by Wing H. Yeung, M.D.）