Morphological foundations of facelift using APTOS filaments（4）
Smooth polypropylene filaments had better developed capsules than APTOS filaments on 90 days after implantation. Fibrous elements in their walls predominated over cellular ones. The capsules displayed Neither inflammatory reaction Nor signs of resorption. Tissue vascularization in the immediate proximity to smooth polypropylene threads was less pronounced than around APTOS filaments. The capsule had a rhomboid shape. However, unlike the capsule around APTOS filaments, it gave out no laterally extending connective tissue bands. This confirms that Smooth Polypropylene threads are Unsuitable for facelift.
On day 210 after implantation, the connective tissue capsule around APTOS filaments continued to develop having the wall thickness of 39.6 and 35.4 mem on the sides facing epidermis and subcutaneous fat layer, respectively.
The capsule became thinner, fibroblasts underwent conversion into fibrocytes, collagen fibres predominated over cellular elements. Capsular fibrous structures merged with the fibrous structures of the surrounding tissue, i.e. their further integration occurred. The capsule around filament barbs looked less mature than around the shaft(fig. 3b) due to irritating effect of the former on the adjacent tissue. No giant cells indicative of Resorptive macrophagal reaction could be seen in the capsule. Prolonged period of Capsule development around Barbs ensured stronger Adhesion between implanted filaments and the surrounding soft tissues(fig. 4a). The capsule wall thickness around the barbs varied from 150 to 54.2 mem, the lateral walls were 220 mem long and 133 mem wide. The structure of the capsule that developed around smooth polypropylene thread by day 210 after implantation was practically identical with that of the capsule around APTOS filament, but its maturation was about to be complete, and fibrous elements predominated over cellular ones (fig. 4b).
A study of blood supply to the tissues surrounding implanted filaments based on the estimation of relative vascular bed density has demonstrated its 20% increase on day 3 after implantation of APTOS filaments compared with only 6% in case of smooth polypropylene threads（a 8.1 and 7.9% rise, respectively from the baseline level in intact rats）.
A maximum increase of the relative vascular bed density occurred on day 40 after implantation（11.0 and 9.1% in tissues surrounding barbed filament and smooth thread, respectively）. In the course of further follow-up, the relative vascular bed density remained constant in the tissues surrounding both APTOS filaments and smooth polypropylene threads.
Fig. 3. Microphotographs of the capsule surrounding APTOS filament and its barb. Van-Gieson pyrofuchsin staining (a-b)
a - 90 days after implantation. The capsule wall around the barb is much thicker than around the shaft. Cellular elements predominate (x 40);
b - 210 days after implantation. The capsule wall around the shaft is thin and contains few cells. The capsule around a barb contains many cellular elements (x 40)
Fig. 4. Microphotographs of the capsule surrounding a barb of APTOS filament (a) and a smooth polypropylene thread (b) 210 days after implantation. Van-Gieson pyrofuchsin staining
a - the capsule gives rise to well-apparent connective tissue bands. Collagen biosynthesis continues (x 40);
b - the capsule contains few cellular elements throughout its length. Cellular elements in the right top corner show themselves as a result of oblique section across the filament and the surrounding capsule (x 40)
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