The deep plane facelift：A 20-year evolution of technique
Modified from the Wendell Hughes Lecture, American Academy of Ophthalmology annual meeting, San Francisco, October 1997.
Henry I Baylis, MD, Robert Alan Goldberg, MD, Norman Shorr, MD
Received 29 November 1998; accepted 2 November 1999.
Abstract
Purpose
This report reviews the unique technical and conceptual oculoplastic innovations in the discipline of facelift surgery by analyzing the evolution of facelift technique at a university-based oculoplastic program.
Designed
Retrospective, noncomparative case series.
Participants
We analyzed 313 patients undergoing a facelift from 1980 through 1997. Most procedures were performed by the senior author.
Methods
Three primary eras of surgical technique were identified : Limited skin flap with superficial musculo-aponeurotic system plication (25 patients), Extended skin flap with neck dissection and superficial musculo-aponeurotic system plication (210 patients), and Deep plane facelift with robust superficial musculo-aponeurotic system flap (78 patients).
Results
The steps in the evolution were designed to improve the results of the surgery regarding rejuvenation of the neck, jowls, and nasolabial fold, and to reduce the “tattletale signs” of facelift surgery including Postauricular scarring, change in the position of the Sideburn and Temporal hairline, and unnatural results caused by pulling the tissues Posteriorly, rather than Repositioning them Vertically. There were no complications in the skin flap only group. In the extended skin flap and superficial musculo-aponeurotic system plication group, there was one mandibular paresis which partially resolved. In the deep plane facelift (n = 78), there was one laceration of the parotid duct, successfully stented during surgery.
Conclusions
The Deep plane facelift, with Vertical elevation of the midface, jowls, and neck, is a logical extension of the mid-facelifting techniques that have been used by oculoplastic surgeons. Compared with cutaneous undermining with superficial musculo-aponeurotic system plication, we found patient and physician acceptance higher using the deep plane technique.
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