Kisspeptin（formerly known as Metastin）：a protein that in humans is encoded by the KISS1 gene
Kisspeptin（formerly known as Metastin）is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KISS1 gene.
Kisspeptin is a G-protein coupled receptor ligand for GPR54.
Kiss1 was originally identified as a human metastasis suppressor gene that has the ability to suppress melanoma and breast cancer metastasis. It recently became clear that Kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling has an important role in initiating secretion of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone（GnRH）at puberty, the extent of which is an area of ongoing research.
Kisspeptins are a family of peptides encoded by the KiSS-1 gene. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 1（1q32）and has four exons of which the 5' and 3' exons are only partly translated. The gene product is a 145 amino acid precursor peptide which is cleaved to 54 amino acids in length, which may be further truncated to 14, 13 or 10 amino acid carboxyl terminal fragments. These N-terminally truncated peptides are known as the Kisspeptins and belong to a larger family of peptides known as RFamides which all share a common arginine-phenylalanine-NH2 motif at their C-terminus.
A polymorphism in the terminal exon of this mRNA results in two protein isoforms. An adenosine present at the polymorphic site represents the third position in a stop codon. When the adenosine is absent, a downstream stop codon is utilized and the encoded protein extends for an additional seven amino acid residues.
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